GM promoters have jumped on the bandwagon of climate change, hyping GM crops as a means of helping humanity to survive climate change in articles like these:
"GM foods 'could feed growing population during climate change'" (Louise Gray, The Telegraph, 22 Jan 2009)
"Fussy eaters – what's wrong with GM food?" (Jonathan Jones, BBC News, 6 July 2010)
In fact, maintaining a broad gene pool of crop varieties suited to different climate conditions is the best way to ensure that we survive climate change. In addition, low-tech methods such as using cover crops, incorporating lots of organic matter into soil, managing water flow, and growing a wide variety of crops as insurance, are tried and tested ways of building resilience into farming systems.
Conventional plant breeding is effective in developing crops for different climate conditions. Here are a few examples.
Alfalfa
Beans
Heat, drought and disease tolerant beans released (June 2010) And they yield and adapt well too!
Non-GM beans developed for harsh Mediterranean conditions (November 2007)
Cowpea
Eucalyptus
Ground-durable and drought-tolerant eucalyptus trees (June 2022)
The NZ Dryland Forests Initiative is using conventional breeding to develop eucalyptus trees that are ground-durable (resistant to rotting or being eaten by insects when it is in the ground, such as in fencing, house timbers and decking) and drought-tolerant. In June 2022 the project manager confirmed to a member of the public that they are not using GM.
Maize/corn
Drought-tolerant maize wins 2012 UK Climate Week Award (March 2012)
Dow launches drought-resistant corn (January 2011)
Syngenta launches drought-resistant corn (December 2010)
New maize could prepare farmers for climate change (September 2010)
New varieties of drought-tolerant maize could deliver a US$1.5 billion gain in food and income in Sub-Saharan Africa as well as helping smallholders cope with the effects of climate change, according to a study carried out in 13 countries in the region.
Link to full paper: Potential impact of investments in drought tolerant maize in Africa
Non-GM corn offers solution to modern climate challenges (April 2009)
One solution to the challenges of feeding the world may come not from the labs of genetic engineers, but from the timeless wisdom of Native Americans and a dedicated corn breeder from Montana.
New maize could prepare farmers for climate change (September 2010)
New varieties of drought-tolerant maize could deliver a US$1.5 billion gain in food and income in Sub-Saharan Africa as well as helping smallholders cope with the effects of climate change, according to a study carried out in 13 countries in the region.
Multiple crops
Vegetables in your future: Hot-weather cherries, drought-resistant melons and six other crops in the works that could change how we eat in a fast-warming world (September 2023)
All these crops, with the exception of the Pairwise ones, appear to be obtained by conventional breeding.
Pearl millet, sorghum, chickpea, pigeon pea and groundnut
ICRISAT develops climate change-ready varieties (June 2009)
When the world gets warmer with climate change, the dryland tracts will become even drier, making it more difficult for the farmers to grow crops in this region. The improved crops developed by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (Icrisat) and partners are able to withstand severe droughts, tolerate higher temperatures and mature early, enabling the farmers to be ready to meet the challenges of climate change. The new crops include pearl millet, sorghum, chickpea, pigeon pea and groundnut.
Potatoes
Researchers breed non-GM frost-resistant potato (September 2023)
Blight-resistant potatoes could lower carbon footprint from agricultural sector (July 2010)
Rice
Perennial rice: In search of a greener, hardier staple crop (March 2015)
Multi-trait super-ricebred to improve tolerance to salinity,flood, zinc deficiency, pests and other problems (January 2011)
African farmers develop new type of rice well-adapted to poor soils (July 2009)
Rice farmers in West Africa have developed a new type of rice adapted to poor soils. This has come about through spontaneous cross-breeding in the field between African and Asian rice cultivars.
Indigenous rice better than GM for dealing with stress (October 2007)
A New Delhi-based NGO, together with farmers from nine Indian states, has developed a register documenting over 2,000 indigenous rice varieties. They say GM rice strains are not only costly to cultivate but also are a poor match to the native strains in fighting pests, diseases and environmental fluctuations.
Sorghum
Soybean
Tomato
Organic farmers in Nepal develop heat-tolerant, disease-resistant, high-yield tomato (December 2010)
A Nepali farm specializing in producing organic vegetables has developed nine varieties of tomatoes it says are high-yielding as well as tolerant to disease and heat. The tomatoes, named Srijana ("creation"), will be available in the markets of Kathmandu within a year.
Wheat, potatoes, rice and other crops
Hybrid crops without the GM (August 2013)
British researchers are leading a global project to track down and store wild relatives of common crops - to help breed hybrids with higher yields that could be resistant to the effects of climate change.