Glyphosate, glufosinate and dicamba found to drive antibiotic resistance evolution in agricultural soil

The use of weedkillers can increase the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in soil, a new study from the University of York shows.

Scientists from China and the UK studied the effect of three widely used herbicides – glyphosate, glufosinate and dicamba – on soil bacterial communities. All three herbicides are used on GM herbicide-tolerant crops.

Using soil microcosms, researchers discovered that herbicides increased the relative abundance of bacterial species that carried antibiotic resistance genes. This was because mutations that improved growth in the presence of herbicides also increased bacterial tolerance to antibiotics. Herbicide exposure also led to more frequent movement of antibiotic resistance genes between bacteria.

Similar patterns were found in agricultural fields across 11 Chinese provinces where herbicide application history, and the levels of herbicide residues in soils, were linked to increased levels of antibiotic resistance genes.

Dr Ville Friman from the Department of Biology said, “Our results suggest that the use of herbicides could indirectly drive antibiotic resistance evolution in agricultural soil microbiomes, which are repeatedly exposed to herbicides during weed control.

“Interestingly, antibiotic resistance genes were favoured at herbicide concentrations that were not lethal to bacteria. This shows that already very low levels of herbicides could significantly change the genetic composition of soil bacterial populations. Such effects are currently missed by ecotoxicological risk assessments, which do not consider evolutionary consequences of prolonged chemical application at the level of microbial communities.

“While antibiotic resistance genes are not harmful per se, they will reduce the efficiency of antibiotics during clinical treatments. Keeping the frequency of resistance genes low will hence prolong the long-efficiency of antibiotics. As resistance genes can easily move between environments, agricultural fields could be globally important source for resistance genes.”

The study concludes that the effects of these herbicide concentrations on microbial communities should be re-evaluated to fully understand the associated risks for the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes.

Source of comment: University of York
https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2021/research/weedkillers-favour-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/

The study:

Herbicide selection promotes antibiotic resistance in soil microbiomes
Hanpeng Liao, Xi Li, Qiue Yang, Yudan Bai, Peng Cui, Chang Wen, Chen Liu, Zhi Chen, Jiahuan Tang, Jiangang Che, Zhen Yu, Stefan Geisen, Shungui Zhou, Ville-Petri Friman, Yong-Guan Zhu
Molecular Biology and Evolution, msab029, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab029
Published: 16 February 2021
https://academic.oup.com/mbe/advance-article/doi/10.1093/molbev/msab029/6133234