Bacterium acts like a vaccine for the mosquito which carries dengue

Brazilian researchers have released thousands of mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria, which suppress dengue fever (below).

The mosquitoes are not GM.

If the experiment works without creating more problems, it's clear that the rush to a GMO "solution" – in this case, mosquitoes genetically engineered to combat dengue by the British firm Oxitec – was premature.

A Brazilian town where Oxitec's GM mosquitoes were released to try to combat dengue fever was recently reported as still suffering from increased dengue incidence.
http://gmwatch.org/index.php/news/archive/2014/15611

A caveat about the non-GM potential solution: it also carries risks – namely that the bacteria could transfer to humans (though this doesn't seem to have happened thus far) or to natural predators of the mosquitoes; or that a more virulent virus could move into the ecological niche left by the reduced dengue virus populations.

The Vietnam Eliminate Dengue Project carried out a risk assessment of a pilot release of mosquitoes containing Wolbachia. Their report, published in 2011, concluded, "It is estimated that there would be a negligible risk of the release of Ae. aegypti [mosquitoes] containing Wolbachia resulting in more harm than that currently caused by naturally occurring Ae. aegypti over a 30 year timeframe."
http://www.eliminatedengue.com/library/publication/document//july_2011_ra_report_eng.pdf

Brazil releases "good" mosquitoes to fight dengue fever

BBC News, 24 Sept 2014

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-29356232

Brazilian researchers in Rio de Janeiro have released thousands of mosquitoes infected with bacteria that suppress dengue fever.

The hope is they will multiply, breed, and become the majority of mosquitoes, thus reducing cases of the disease.

The initiative is part of a programme also taking place in Australia, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

The intracellular bacteria, Wolbachia, being introduced cannot be transmitted to humans.

The programme started in 2012 says Luciano Moreira of the Brazilian research institute Fiocruz, who is leading the project in Brazil.

"Our teams performed weekly visits to the four neighbourhoods in Rio being targeted. Mosquitoes were analysed after collection in special traps.

"Transparency and proper information for the households is a priority. "

Ten thousand mosquitoes will be released each month for four months with the first release in Tubiacanga, in the north of Rio.

"Good" bacteria

The bacterium Wolbachia is found in 60% of insects. It acts like a vaccine for the mosquito which carries dengue, Aedes aegypti, stopping the dengue virus multiplying in its body.

Wolbachia also has an effect on reproduction. If a contaminated male fertilises the eggs of a female without the bacteria, these eggs do not turn into larvae.

If the male and female are contaminated or if only a female has the bacteria, all future generations of mosquito will carry Wolbachia.

As a result, Aedes mosquitoes with Wolbachia become predominant without researchers having to constantly release more contaminated insects.

In Australia this happened within 10 weeks on average.

The research on Wolbachia began at the University of Monash in Australia in 2008. The researchers allowed the mosquitoes to feed on their own arms for five years because of concerns at the time Wolbachia could infect humans and domestic animals.

Three more neighbourhoods will be targeted next, and large scale studies to evaluate the effect of the strategy are planned for 2016.

Dengue re-emerged in Brazil in 1981 after an absence of more than 20 years.

Over the next 30 years, seven million cases were reported.

Brazil leads the world in the number of dengue cases, with 3.2 million cases and 800 deaths reported in the 2009-14 period.