This is a revealing piece of spin.
American researchers detected bits of corn transgene in the stomach contents of 50 piglets they studied, and also found GM gene DNA in one of the samples screened from the small intestine, suggesting that GM gene DNA can at times survive the digestive process in pigs. This news is released as, "GMOS SAFE FOR ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN USE, STUDY SAYS"!
This curiously illogical leap is presumably, at best, supposed to imply that the low incidence of GM gene DNA survival into the small intestine in pigs suggests transgenes do not, in all likelihood, survive the digestive process and end up in the small intestines of humans.
If so, the joke is, this is already known to be a misplaced assumption. Intact GM gene DNA was found in the small intestine of humans in the now famous Newcastle human feeding trial. Interestingly, the subjects in the Newcastle study were tested after only ONE meal containing GM soy content and yet the tests showed transgenes transfer out of GM food into gut bacteria at detectable levels.
Despite this, the new pig research, we are told, confirms that GMOs "are safe for human consumption", not to mention the environment!
What it actually confirms is:
a) that research is only now starting to take place that should have been done before GMOs were released into our food supply and environment;
b) that researchers cannot be trusted to interpret it objectively and without regard to the public relations needs of the academic-industrial complex.
It also confirms that pigs aren't humans, given that intact GM gene DNA was found in the small intestine of the latter without any difficulty!
1.GMOs safe for environment, human use, study says
2.Updated comments on The Newcastle Feeding Trial by Dr Michael Antoniou
------
1.GMOs safe for environment, human use, study says
SIU MEDIA & COMMUNICATION RESOURCES
[Sat Nov 06 2004]
http://www.thesouthern.com/rednews/2004/11/07/build/business/BIZ005.html
CARBONDALE -- Research conducted at Southern Illinois University Carbondale supports the growing sentiment in the scientific community that genetically modified organisms -- or GMOs as they're commonly called -- are safe for human consumption and for the environment.
No traces of a "foreign" gene wound up in the flesh or blood of 56 piglets fed genetically modified corn, SIUC researchers found.
While they did detect bits of the corn's transgene in the stomach contents of 50 of the piglets, they found it in only one of the samples screened from the small intestine, suggesting further that the additional gene generally does not survive the digestive process.
This new study reinforced findings from earlier work with samples of contents from the small intestine and feces of larger pigs in which SIUC researchers found no remnants of the transgene at all.
"It seems like it degrades rapidly," said swine expert Gary A. Apgar of the College of Agricultural Sciences.
"Most, if not all, of the transgenic material is gone by the time the digesta is excreted. We found no evidence that it is absorbed (into the animal), and the risk of its coming out in the environment in the form of waste is non-existent because we failed to find the gene in either the colon or the feces. While nothing can ever be guaranteed 100 percent safe, I think there's no need for concern (about eating meat from animals fed transgenic diets)."
Apgar believes the weight of scientific evidence supports the idea that GMOs are safe.
"If we look at the amount of transgenic crops that have been created and the lack to date of negative effects in the human and animal worlds, I think that's confirming what we have seen here (in this study)," he said.
The SIUC study, conducted with the help of Janet M. Beagle, now a doctoral student at Purdue University, is part of an overall look at GMOs as a component of swine diets. The Council for Food and Agricultural Research and the Illinois Corn Marketing Board paid for the research.
American farmers generally like GMOs, which provide improved yields, health, pest resistance and the like. Federal statistics show that in 2002, 34 percent of the country's corn crop consisted of GMOs. Worldwide, more than 168 million acres are planted in biotech crops -- a 4,000 percent increase over the last eight years, according to Truth about Trade & Technology, an Iowa-based biotechnology advocacy group.
Much of the corn grown in this country -- more than 60 percent, according to National Corn Growers Association statistics released last year -- becomes animal feed.
"The number of crops that are genetically modified grown throughout the world are increasing exponentially, but there's very limited data on what happens 'downstream,'" Apgar said.
"There are a few rat studies, three swine studies, a couple of studies on feedlot steers, but none of them are as comprehensive as our work. We're taking a total systems approach, looking at every aspect of a single animal -- meat, fecal material, blood, digesta -- at different ages."
Using a transgenic corn developed at SIUC but not available commercially, Apgar and his graduate students first showed that pigs digested both regular and modified corn in pretty much the same way.
When they looked for evidence of the gene in the pigs' stomach contents and feces, they found nothing.
"That didn't tell us where it went -- just that it was no longer in the digesta," Apgar said.
"So in this study, we looked at most of the places that gene could be -- the GI (gastrointestinal) tract, the blood from the major vein out of the GI tract into the liver, the liver itself and muscle tissue."
They used weanling pigs this time around instead of the 90-pound grower pigs from the earlier study because the little ones are more efficient at turning a pound of feed into a pound of gain, hence increasing the potential for the transgene to be absorbed.
"That meant the potential for the gene to get through that limited digestive capacity and be absorbed (into the animal) intact might be greater, too," Apgar said.
They also ran their tests twice, once with the analytical tool they'd used in previous work and once with a more sophisticated version of it.
"(The upgraded version) has improved our detection limit while producing an actual numeric value for what we're seeing," Apgar said.
Using the older tool, they found bits of transgene in 40 of the 56 stomach samples and in one of the samples from the small intestine. While the more sensitive equipment turned up evidence of the gene in 50 stomach samples, screening of the small intestine samples still yielded only one positive result. And even the more sensitive equipment could not detect traces of the gene anywhere else.
"Overall, the findings are much more positive than negative," Apgar said.
"Is the fact that we found a single trace of transgenic DNA in the small intestine significant? Not to me, but it might be to you if you're already concerned about food safety. Until we can better characterize the degradation of dietary DNA, we might be a little cautious, but at this point I wouldn't say, 'Throw the brakes on.'"
------
2.Updated comments on The Newcastle Feeding Trial
by Dr Michael Antoniou, a Senior Lecturer in molecular genetics at a London teaching hospital
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=1517
Prior to the Newcastle Feeding Trial it was believed that GM DNA would be unlikely to survive food processing/cooking and any surviving DNA would be broken down in the acidic environment of the stomach. Indeed if any DNA did manage to get through to the small intestine then it would be fragmented and its chance of transfer to gut bacteria would also be very small. This position is reflected in the approval in 1997 by the ACNFP (under Prof Derek Burk) of "Maximiser" GM maize for processed food use but not as a raw animal feed since it was feared that antibiotic resistance genes could be transferred to gut bacteria thereby compromising future medical treatment.
However, trial DATA from the Newcastle trial clearly show that measurable amounts of the full length transgene survived in the gut demonstrating that food processing and the acidic environment of the stomach were not able to completely destroy food DNA. Additionally the experiment on the digesta samples confirmed that full length and active epsps genes had transferred to gut bacteria. It should be noted that those taking part were fed only ONE meal consisting of a deep fried soya burger and a milk shake which as a result fails to address possible cumulative effects of antibiotic resistance gene building up in gut bacteria or the effect on the digestive tract of the release of other GM products (e.g Bt toxin) [Note: the CaMV promoter which drives expression of the GM genes is known to be highly active in bacterial hosts. Therefore, if transferred intact to gut bacteria, as has been shown to be possible by the Newcastle study, CaMV-GM genes will function efficiently and release their products into the gut with still unknown immunological and other health consequences].
Additionally no simulations of conditions that compromise normal digestion (e.g. diarrhoea) were tested to determine if GM Antibiotic Resistant Marker gene-containing bacteria could then be released into the environment.