GM Soy: Sustainable? Responsible?
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Interviews with people affected by glyphosate spraying on GM soy:
- Viviana Peralta – Interview
- Mariano Aguilar – Interview
- Darío Gianfelici – Interview
- íngel Strapazzón – Interview
Carrasco's research paper showing that glyphosate/Roundup herbicide causes birth defects
How “responsible” soy devastates lives
More about the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS)
Audio interview with Prof. Andrés Carrasco, co-author of the "GM soy: Sustainable? Responsible?" report presented at the European Parliament on 16 September 2010
GM soya "a death sentence" for Argentina
Roundup: Argentina's human tragedy
The Poison of the Pampas: Video of the human consequences of glyphosate spraying (in Spanish with English subtitles)
Viviana Peralta, San Jorge, Santa Fe province, Argentina. 42 years old. Housewife. Language: Spanish.
Interview by Dario Aranda
Viviana Peralta is the instigator of a trial that achieved a favorable ruling and is the first of its kind in the country. This ruling limits the spraying up to 1,500 meters from houses, implements the precautionary principle (given the possibility of injury, protective measures should be taken) and reverses the burden of proof. Victims no longer have to prove how harmful the agrochemicals are. The companies and the Government are now obligated to prove the safety of these products.
"It happened just a few weeks after my daughter Ailen was born. They started spraying nearby fields. I was sick every other day. At the hospital, they would tell me I was intoxicated or that I had allergies or respiratory problems. One day, they sprayed from dawn till night. That day my baby turned blue. I ran to the hospital, I thought she was dying. When I saw my baby like that, I said, ‘Enough. This cannot go on.’
“I decided to work together with the NGO Centre for the Protection of Nature (Cepronat) and present a request for federal protection. Judge Tristan Martinez ordered the suspension of spraying in our neighborhood, just outside the town of San Jorge (province of Santa Fe, the heart of soybean cultivation). We always say we are not against soy producers – we are simply caring for our children. And everyone here knows, when they spray, the kids suffer a lot. Despite this clarification, we were constantly threatened because it is a big business and the ruling affected economic interests. We based our request on Article 41 of the Constitution, which states that all citizens have the right to enjoy a healthy and balanced environment, fit for human development and that business activities must not compromise the health of future generations. Fortunately, the judge favored public health over an economic activity.
“In spite of this, soy producers and the provincial government appealed the judge’s decision. The evidence was strong though and in December 2009, the court of second instance ruled in favor of us once again. It was the first time in the history of the country that a ruling like this one was appealed and ruled again in favor of those of us affected by agrochemical spraying. Not only that, but the Court ordered the Government of Santa Fe and the Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) to prove that agrochemicals are not harmful to public health. For the first time, the burden of proof is reversed. It will not be us trying to prove the consequences – especially because we have no financial means to perform scientific studies. Ever since the banning of the glyphosate spraying, our kids don’t get sick anymore. There aren’t any respiratory problems. We are happy.
“Soy producers accused us of going against the interests of the city and ruining their image of progress. They said we were scaremongering. It's a lie. We just want to protect the health of our children. I was born here. My six children were born here. We’ve always lived peacefully, but since the soybean production started everything has changed. We cannot live here anymore. We’ve been poisoned. But we cannot say that because they jump on us. We are declared to be their enemy. They care more about money than the health of our children.
“I always tell people the same thing. I do not know about chemistry, I did not go to university, but I know what my whole family has suffered. They are living proof that agrochemicals are poisons that affect us. To all people who are not familiar with this model of agriculture, I always say the same thing: Do not trust these companies. Reject agrochemicals. Do it for the life of your children."
Viviana Peralta
San Jorge (provincia de Santa Fe). 42 años. Ama de casa. Castellano.
Es la impulsora de un juicio que logró fallos favorables en primera y segunda instancia. Es el primero del paÃs en su tipo, que limita las fumigaciones hasta 1500 metros de las viviendas, implementa el principio precautorio (ante la posibilidad de perjuicio es necesario tomar medidas protectoras) e invierte la carga de prueba: no son los perjudicados quienes deben demostrar lo nocivo de los agroquÃmicos, sino que serán las empresas y el Gobierno quienes deberán dar muestras de la inocuidad de los productos.
“HacÃa pocas semanas que habÃa nacido Ailén, mi hija. Y justo comenzaron las fumigaciones de los campos vecinos. Se me descomponÃa dÃa de por medio. En el hospital me decÃan que estaba intoxicada, tenÃa alergia, problemas respiratorios. Un dÃa fumigaron desde el amanecer hasta la noche. Y mi beba se puso morada, fui corriendo al hospital, pensé que se morÃa. Ese dÃa dije basta, esto no puede seguir pasando. Ahà decidimos junto a la ONG Centro de Protección a la Naturaleza (Cepronat) presentar un amparo judicial y el juez Tristán MartÃnez decidió que en nuestro barrio, a las afuera de la localidad de San Jorge (provincia de Santa Fe, corazón del monocultivo de soja), se suspendan las fumigaciones. Siempre dijimos que no estamos contra los sojeros, sólo queremos cuidar a nuestros hijos. Y todos acá sabemos que cuando fumigan, los chicos sufren mucho. A pesar de nuestra aclaración, sufrimos amenazas, porque el negocio en muy grande y el fallo afectó intereses económicos. Nosotros fundamentamos nuestro pedido en el artÃculo 41 de la Constitución Nacional, que dice que todos los habitantes gozamos del derecho a un ambiente sano, equilibrado, apto para el desarrollo humano y que las actividades productivas no deben comprometer la salud de las generaciones futuras. Por suerte el juez privilegió la salud por sobre una actividad económica.
“A pesar de todo, los productores de soja y el gobierno provincial apelaron la medida. Pero las pruebas eran fuertes, y la Justicia de segunda instancia nos volvió a dar la razón, en diciembre de 2009, fue la primera vez en el paÃs que un fallo como este llegaba a segunda instancia y nos daba la razón a los que sufrimos las fumigaciones. Y no sólo eso, la Justicia ordenó que el Gobierno de Santa Fe y la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) demuestren que los agroquÃmicos no son perjudiciales para la salud. Asà por primera vez se invierte el cargo de la prueba, no seremos nosotros quienes tenemos que demostrar las consecuencias, sobre todo porque no tenemos recursos económicos para hacer estudios complejos. Desde que se prohibió fumigar los nenes ya no se enferman, ya no hay más problemas respiratorios, estamos felices.
“Los productores de soja nos acusaron de dejar mal parada a la ciudad, arruinar su imagen de progreso, decÃan que estábamos creando una psicosis. Es mentira, sólo queremos cuidar la salud de nuestros hijos. Soy nacida aquÃ. Mis seis hijos nacieron aquÃ. Siempre vivimos tranquilos, pero desde que llegó la soja todo cambió. Ya no se puede vivir por el veneno y no se puede hablar mal de la soja porque te saltan encima, te declaran enemigo. Les importa más el dinero que la salud de nuestros hijos.
“Cuando me llaman siempre digo lo mismo. No entiendo de quÃmica, no tengo estudio universitario, pero sé lo que sufrió toda mi familia, es la prueba viva de que los agroquÃmicos son venenos que nos afectan. A toda población que aún no conoce este modelo agropecuario siempre le digo lo mismo, no le crean a las empresas, rechacen los agroquÃmicos, háganlo por la vida de sus hijos.”