Table compiled by Dr Nicolas Defarge
| Publications | Séralini et al., 2014 1 | OGM 90+ 7 |
| Mesnage et al., 2015 2 | ||
| Mesnage et al., 2016 3 | ||
| Mesnage et al., 2017a 4 | ||
| Mesnage et al., 2017b 5 | ||
| Lozano et al., 2018 6 | ||
| Rat strain | Sprague-Dawley (recommended by US National Toxicology Program) |
Wistar (much less sensitive to mammary tumors including the prolactinomes recorded in Séralini et al., 2014) |
| Duration (in days) | 720 | 90 and 180 |
| Roundup alone | YES | NO |
| Omics: | ||
|
Kidneys, Liver (in females, 2 years old) 2 Findings: Multiple genes differentially expressed (claimed as evidencing chronic damage) |
|
|
Kidneys, Liver (in females, 2 years old) 4 Findings: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
|
|
Kidneys, Liver (in females, 2 years old) 4 Findings: Metabolic disturbances in liver, evidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
|
|
Findings: sex-dependent dysbiosis 6 | |
| GMO treated with Roundup | YES (but both treated with levels well below agricultural uses in Argentina and Brazil 8) |
|
| GMO not treated with Roundup | YES | |
| Location of the fields | One location for all GM plants | Several locations; GM plants and their close isogenics were grown in different locations |
| Roundup residues in the diets | No glyphosate nor AMPA detected in control diet | Glyphosate and AMPA in all diets (including control diets) at equivalent levels |
| Omics: | ||
|
Kidneys, Liver (in females, 2 years old) 5 Findings: Several genes differentially expressed (below the False Discovery Rate) |
Kidneys, Liver (both sexes, 3 and 6 months old) Findings: Several genes differentially expressed (claimed as non-biologically relevant) |
|
Kidneys, Liver (in females, 2 years old) 5 Findings: Several statistical differences (below the False Discovery Rate) |
Blood and Urine* Findings: Statistical differences (claimed as non-biologically relevant) |
* in both cases blood and urine parameters were analyzed in PLS-DA; statistical differences were observed in both cases, but claimed as biologically relevant in one case, not biologically relevant in the other case.
Comment
Nowadays herbicide tolerant GMOs grown in North and South America and entering Europe are more and more stacked events. They were rendered tolerant to mixtures of herbicides based on glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, isoxaflutole, 2,4-D… The effects of these mixtures of residues lack investigation.
Download
Chart as downloadable pdf here.
References
1. Seralini, G.-E.; Clair, E.; Mesnage, R.; Gress, S.; Defarge, N.; Malatesta, M.; Hennequin, D.; de Vendomois, J. Republished study: Long-term toxicity of a roundup herbicide and a roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Environmental Sciences Europe 2014, 26, 14.
2. Mesnage, R.; Arno, M.; Costanzo, M.; Malatesta, M.; Seralini, G.E.; Antoniou, M.N. Transcriptome profile analysis reflects rat liver and kidney damage following chronic ultra-low dose roundup exposure. Environ Health 2015, 14, 015-0056.
3. Mesnage, R.; Agapito-Tenfen, S.Z.; Vilperte, V.; Renney, G.; Ward, M.; Seralini, G.E.; Nodari, R.O.; Antoniou, M.N. An integrated multi-omics analysis of the nk603 roundup-tolerant gm maize reveals metabolism disturbances caused by the transformation process. Scientific reports 2016, 6, 37855.
4. Mesnage, R.; Renney, G.; Seralini, G.E.; Ward, M.; Antoniou, M.N. Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats following chronic exposure to an ultra-low dose of roundup herbicide. Scientific reports 2017, 7, 39328.
5. Mesnage, R.; Arno, M.; Séralini, G.-E.; Antoniou, M.N. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of liver and kidneys of rats chronically fed NK603 roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Environmental Sciences Europe 2017, 29, 6.
6. Lozano, V.L.; Defarge, N.; Rocque, L.M.; Mesnage, R.; Hennequin, D.; Cassier, R.; de Vendomois, J.S.; Panoff, J.M.; Seralini, G.E.; Amiel, C. Sex-dependent impact of roundup on the rat gut microbiome. Toxicol Rep 2018, 5, 96-107.
7. Coumoul, X.; Servien, R.; Juricek, L.; Kaddouch-Amar, Y.; Lippi, Y.; Berthelot, L.; Naylies, C.; Morvan, M.L.; Antignac, J.P.; Christele, D.L., et al. The gmo90+ project: Absence of evidence for biologically meaningful effects of genetically modified maize based-diets on wistar rats after 6-months feeding comparative trial. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 2018.
8. Benbrook, C.M. Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the united states and globally. Environ Sci Eur 2016, 28, 3.