1.Brazil gives way on GM seed
2.Brazil agrees to grow GM crops
---
1.Brazil gives way on GM seed
By Jan Rocha
BBC, Sao Paolo
http://italy.indymedia.org/news/2003/09/386664.php
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3141420.stm

Brazil's Vice-President Jose Alencar has signed a provisional measure or decree allowing farmers to plant genetically-modified seeds.  It contains a number of safeguards to limit their use.

But environmental groups are expected to try and challenge the decree in the courts.

The presidential measure lays down strict conditions for the planting and sale of GM crops.

Only farmers who already GM seeds will be allowed to plant them, which effectively means only farmers in Brazil's southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul.

They have been smuggling them in from neighbouring Argentina, where GM crops are legal.

Farmers will have to sign a term of responsibility which includes financial responsibility for any potential damage to health or the environment.

The planting and sale of GM crops will only be permitted until the next season which begins in October.

By the time this crop is harvested next year, the government hopes that the national congress will have passed a new law defining once and for all Brazil's policy on GM crops.

At the moment, Brazil is the only large agricultural exporter in the world which does not use GM seeds.  But environmental organisations want to keep it that way and are now expected to take the question to the courts, claiming that the presidential decree is unconstitutional
---
2.Brazil agrees to grow GM crops
John Vidal and Gareth Chetwynd in Sao Paulo
The Guardian, Friday September 26, 2003
http://www.guardian.co.uk/gmdebate/Story/0,2763,1050042,00.html

Brazil, the last big country to resist GM crops, dashed the hopes of environmentalists yesterday and gave in to pressure from the US and its own big farmers to allow them to be grown for at least a year.

After a day of protests, Greenpeace Brazil, the Brazilian Green party and non-governmentel groups announced that they would seek to get the decision overturned in the courts.

The government was divided on the decision, which was supported by agriculture officials, who said they were anxious to keep abreast of the latest technological developments.

Opponents of GM foods were disappointed by the apparent u-turn by President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, whose Workers Party (PT) resisted GM crops when it was in opposition.

It was presented as a one-year emergency measure because farmers in Rio Grande do Sul state have for several years smuggled large quantities of GM soya seed across the Argentine border.

The government accepted that there was little prospect of forcing them to buy conventional seed when the planting season begins in the next two weeks.

The GM company Monsanto now stands to gain up to $100m ($62m) a year from farmers who have been growing its seed illegally.

It has invested more than $600m in setting up seed plants and buying Brazilian seed companies. It recently announced that it would start charging farmers royalties on this year's soya crop.

US producers have long complained that Brazil has had an unfair advantage because many of its farmers do not pay royalties for black-market GM soya.

The lifting of the planting ban was described by critics as a triumph for the company.

"Instead of enforcing the law, the authorities have allowed big farming interests to dictate their own terms," said Karin Silverwood-Cope, a coordinator for the NGP Campaign for a GM Free Brazil.

Bob Callanan, head of the American Soybean Association, which is fervently pro-GM, said: "We have long been frustrated by Brazil growing illegal GM seeds. This would be a step towards allowing Monsanto to collect the fees due to it and help to end the paper shuffle where EU countries bought Brazilian foods and pretended that it was not GM."