GM WATCH GUIDE TO ALL THE LATEST RESEARCH

CONTENTS
1. LATEST RESEARCH NEWS (January 2008)
2. RESEARCH - 2007
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1. LATEST RESEARCH NEWS

+ FRANCE INTRODUCING GM MAIZE BAN
On Friday 11 January 2008, the French Government ordered the extension of its ban on the growing of Monsanto's GM maize MON 810 - the only GM crop approved for cultivation in the European Union - based on the concerns of its expert committee about:
1. inadequate scientific assessment of the maize;
2. its toxicity to non-target organisms, including earthworms and micro-organisms; and
3. the impossibility of preventing contamination 'over many tens or even hundreds of kilometres'.
EXTRACT: (France's) provisional High Authority on GMOs has found 'a certain number of new negative scientific facts which notably impact fauna and flora' in its expert opinion on the GM maize MON 810, according to a statement issued by its president Jean-Francois Le Grand on Wednesday 9 January. 'We have serious doubts (about its safety)', added Mr. Le Grand. (Le Monde)
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8667
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8669

+ TOXICITY OF BT CROPS
GM Watch has just published a slightly edited version of an affidavit provided in evidence by Dr. Arpad Pusztai to India's Supreme Court, which usefully summarises research done worldwide on the toxicity of Bt crops. The Bt toxin is a form of lectin, a subject on which Dr. Pusztai is widely acknowledged as being the world's foremost nutritional expert.
EXTRACT: The MON 863 study revealed that feeding rats on transgenically expressed Bt toxin in maize caused kidney and liver problems in addition to interfering with the normal growth of young rats (Seralini et al. 2007). Bt toxin expressed in potatoes caused major changes in the small intestine of mice (Fares, N.H. and El-Sayed, A.K. (1998). Fine structural changes in the ileum of mice fed on delta-endotoxin-treated potatoes and transgenic potatoes (Natural Toxins 6, 219-233). The evidence for the survival of the Bt toxins in the digestive tract and internal organs is clear-cut.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8665
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8664

+ REVIEW SHOWS NO EVIDENCE GM FOODS ARE SAFE
A recent review of the scientific literature concerning potential toxic effects/health risks of GM plants published in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition has found that published toxicological studies are very scarce, making it very difficult for anyone to claim GM foods are toxicologically safe.
EXTRACT: The main goal of the present paper has been to review critically the published scientific literature concerning potential toxic effects/health risks of GM plants. It has been noted that experimental data are very scarce. As shown throughout the paper, most investigations correspond to short-term studies, mainly nutritional studies, with very limited toxicological information (Filip et al., 2004). Where are long-term toxicological studies that should guarantee the safety of the transgenic plants for animal and human consumption?... where is the scientific evidence showing that GM plants/food are toxicologically safe, as assumed by the biotechnology companies involved in commercial GM foods?
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8661

+ MONSANTO GM HORMONE PUTTING LIVES AT RISK
John Verrall, a pharmaceutical chemist with over 35 years experience in the pharmaceutical industry, working with both human and veterinary medicines,
explains for GM Watch why the Monsanto GM hormone used in much U.S. milk production, but banned throughout the rest of the industrialised world, is unsafe for either humans or cattle.
EXTRACT: It has been demonstrated that milk from cows administered bovine somatotropin is NOT SAFE... with increased levels of IGF1 (growth hormone) such milk gives rise to 'concern about enhanced cell proliferation of the gut mucosa and therefore increased prevalence of carcinoma in the large bowel.'
http://www.gmwatch.org/p1temp.asp?pid=100&page=1
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2. RESEARCH - 2007

Here's some of the research that caught our eye in 2007.

+ GM CORN MAY AFFECT AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS - STUDY
Extremely important new study showing genetically engineered Bt corn (maize) byproducts could be endangering aquatic life. It also raises big questions as to how U.S. and other regulators gave the go ahead to Bt corn without undertaking sufficient testing of their impact on aquatic ecosystems. The study by scientists at Indiana University was published online by the journal Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8358
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8368
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8422

+ BT TRANSGENE DETECTED IN AQUATIC SYSSTEMS
The Canadian Department of the Environment (also known as Environment Canada) has determined that the pesticidal Bt gene cry1Ab, found in GM corn, persisted in aquatic areas near the site where the Bt crop was planted. Varying amounts of the cry1Ab gene were found in sediment, soil, and surface water samples. The sediments were found to contain about 100-fold more cry1Ab DNA than the surface water. The cry1Ab transgene was also detected as far away as the Richelieu and St. Lawrence rivers - 82 km downstream from the corn cultivation plot. Because of the concern that the cry1Ab gene could be transferred to microorganisms through horizontal gene transfer, the researchers recommend monitoring and sustained attention to the fate of transgenes in the environment. Abstract in the journal Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, with links to the complete paper for subscribers at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.01.002

+ STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF TRANSGENE FLOW
A paper commissioned by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) studies the effects of transgene flow on human health, the environment, and genetic resources. The study concludes transgene flow is highly likely, with adverse implications for human health, the environment, biodiversity, and farm economics.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8030

+ GM AND NON-GM CROPS TOO CLOSE, STUDY SAYS
Field trials could be seriously underestimating the potential for cross-pollination between GM and conventional crops and buffer zone distances may be too small, according to new research from the University of Exeter in the UK.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7959
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7957

+ CONTAMINATING THE WILD
Useful introductory article to the report by Dr. Doug Gurian-Sherman on the danger of permanent escape of transgenes, that have undergone little risk assessment, into the natural environment.
http://www.bioscienceresource.org/commentaries/dgs1.php

+ NEW STUDY EXPLAINS HOW MONSANTO'S HYPE FOOLS FARMERS
GM promoters claim the number of farmers growing GM cotton in India is a massive vote of confidence in the technology. But an important new study of farmers' Bt cotton adoption in the Warangal district of Andhra Pradesh explains why Monsanto's campaign of hype has had such an impact. Glenn Davis Stone of Washington University found a process of agricultural deskilling whereby farmers abandoned the old practice of gradual assessment and adoption of seeds and fell victim to 'seed fads'.
http://www.huliq.com/8118/effect-of-genetically-modified-crops-on-developing-countries
Download the study (well worth reading in full) http://artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/research/stone/stone480102.web.pdf
GM WATCH comment: There is clear evidence that this kind of herd mentality can also affect the uptake of GM crops in developed countries like the US.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7575
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7580

+ BT CORN SUSCEPTIBLE TO ROOTWORM
Bt corn fails to protect against rootworms despite farmers paying Monsanto hefty sums for that protection, according to research carried out at the University of Illinois. Rootworms were found to have done significant early damage to GM varieties.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8126

+ BT CORN SUSCEPTIBLE TO APHIDS
Bt corn has been found to be significantly more susceptible to aphids than non-GM equivalents. Bizarrely, the study is being spun to claim that the Bt corn is better for the environment, as the higher aphid populations attract more parasitic wasps. Cold comfort for farmers battling aphids!
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8126

+ ROUNDUP MAY AFFECT REPRODUCTION AND FOETAL DEVELOPMENT
Monsanto's Roundup has toxic effects on human embryonic cells, a new study shows. The toxic effects of Roundup are noticed at very weak doses (for the experiment, the product sold in stores was diluted up to 10,000 times). Effects were observed at dilutions less than the residues in discussion to be authorized in GMO feed in the US. The authors comment that the research may contribute to a better understanding of the problems of miscarriages, premature births or sexual malformations of babies.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7893

+ AERIAL SPRAYING OF ROUNDUP DAMAGES DNA
Aerial spraying of the Roundup herbicide by the Colombian government on the border of Colombia and Ecuador has caused a high degree of DNA damage in local Ecuadorian people, according to a study. DNA damage may activate genes associated to the development of cancer, and may also lead to miscarriage or malformations in embryos.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7899

+ REPORT REVEALS BT CROP RISKS TO INSECTS AND SOIL
Plants containing Bt toxins could severely damage soil and beneficial insect populations, suggests a published review of international scientific studies.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7830

+ INDIA: BT COTTON AFFECTS SOIL MICROFAUNA - STUDY
Bt cotton has serious effects on the soil microfauna in the root zone of the crop, according to as yet unpublished research
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7945
For other problems with Bt cotton showing up in published research
http://www.lobbywatch.org/p1temp.asp?pid=86&page=1
Hungarian research backs up Indian findings
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7948

+ ESCAPED TRANSGENES PERSIST IN NATURE
There have been repeated claims that if transgenes do escape into the wild, they're unlikely to persist. But new research on GM oilseed rape (canola) conducted in Canada and published in Molecular Ecology shows that this is just not true. The herbicide resistant GM trait was found to persist over a 6-year period.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8467
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8536

+ RESEARCH SHOWS HUGE VARIATION IN BT TOXIN IN GM MAIZE
A study has found massive variations in the amount of Bt toxin present in GM maize plants.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7883

+ ANOTHER MONSANTO MAIZE POTENTIALLY TOXIC
New research into the health impacts of GM food already approved in Europe casts further doubt on the safety of the approvals system. The study, carried out by French scientific research institute CRIIGEN on the results of rat feeding trials using Monsanto's GM maize NK603, highlights 60 significant differences between the rats that were fed the GM maize and those fed normal maize (all for 90 days). The first group showed differences in their kidney, brain, heart and liver measurements, as well as significant weight differences.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8018

+ ANIMAL FEEDING TRIALS GIVE REASONS TO FEAR GM FOODS
Very useful summary of the animal feeding studies to date on GM foods at
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8383
Article lacks references. For these see Jeffrey M. Smith's new book, Genetic Roulette, which lays out the health risks of GM foods and the flaws in the system designed to assess them. Available via http://www.geneticroulette.com
Claire Robinson's review at http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=788

+ COMPANY RESEARCH ON GM FOODS IS RIGGED
In a powerful overview, science writer Jeffrey Smith laments the poor quality and rigged status of company research on GM foods - all too often, the only research that is ever done on them.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8520

+ DOES THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED BIO-ECONOMY ADD UP?
What's the real basis for the vision of biotech as a major engine of economic growth etc.? An incisive, and at times funny, critique of the gung-ho-for-GM BIO4EU report for the European Parliament points the finger at technological utopianism.
EXCERPT: Experts do not have an entirely unblemished record of predicting the future of agriculture. In the 1950s it was envisioned that agriculture would be irrigated with water from icecaps that had been melted by nuclear explosions, this water (naturally) would be stored in ponds, also 'dug' by nuclear explosions.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8004
Claire Robinson article on the biobiz bubble
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=4134

+ 'JUNK' DNA HIGHLY ACTIVE
Large swathes of the genome, previously dismissed as 'junk DNA' because it was thought to serve no practical purpose, have been found to be highly active. The findings highlight how scientists have become so blinded by the importance of genes that the role of other parts of the genome have gone unappreciated.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8021
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8073

+ COMPANIES KNOW BEANS ABOUT MOVING GENES
The transnational seed, pesticide, and drug corporations have known for five or 10 years that the scientific foundation on which genetic engineering is built is false, but with billions of dollars riding on it they, with the support of governments, continue to mislead us, says an interesting article at
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8136

+ INTELLECTUAL BASIS FOR GM BUSINESS FLAWED
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8073
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8083

+ RETHINKING THE RISK OF VIRAL TRANSGENES IN PLANTS
The use of intact viral transgenes to generate virus-resistant plants is controversial, and has been so almost ever since it was first proposed. This new analysis published in Molecular Plant Pathology makes a compelling case that active regulatory protection is needed from transgenes which otherwise may worsen disease problems, invite crop failures and enhance the evolution and spread of new diseases.
http://www.bioscienceresource.org/commentaries/brc7.php

+ SKIN ALLERGY AND PULMONARY PROBLEMS REPORTED FROM BT COTTON
In the Punjab, India, farmers and laborers are suffering with skin allergy and pulmonary diseases after picking Bt cotton. Dr Gurpiar Singh, who runs a private clinic, says that many cases have come to his notice.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=8398

+ NON-GM RESEARCH CUTS COTTON PESTICIDES 50%, BOOST PROFITS 75%
A low-tech non-GM approach to managing pesticides promises to help hundreds of thousands of cotton farmers across Asia raise yields and reduce environmental contamination.
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7990
See also NON-PESTICIDE, NON-GM COTTON MANAGEMENT SUCCESS IN INDIA
http://www.lobbywatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=7990