In the UK it was reported yesterday that growing numbers of universities are going into debt which will obviously only increase their dependence on corporate funding:
1. Rising fears for academic freedom
2. Senior Scientist Dismissed for Defending Academic Standards
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Rising fears for academic freedom
[excerpt only - full article:
http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/Academic-Freedom-Fears.htm ]
Leigh Baker / ANU Reporter v.32, n.7 11may01
The ANU reporter is published by The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 0200, AUSTRALIA
A report by The Australia Institute claims government funding cuts to Australian universities have greatly reduced academic freedom.
In a survey of 165 social science academics from 13 Australian universities, Dr Clive Hamilton, a Visiting Fellow in The Australian National UniversityÃs Graduate Program in Public Policy and Executive Director of the Australia Institute, found 17 per cent said they had been prevented from publishing contentious research results and half reported a reluctance to criticise institutions that funded research.
Preliminary briefings on the report ‘Academic Freedom and Commercialisation of Australian Universities’ prompted recent media claims of soft marking in Australian universities.
Dr Hamilton said that, because academics were now forced to compete with each other for external grants, they were increasingly choosing uncontroversial research topics. Commercial and government bodies were often reluctant to be associated with contentious research.
‘Universities are supposed to stand for the truth and that means researching and publishing without fear or favour. Yet it is apparent that a large proportion of academics are reluctant to criticise or stand up to those who provide the money,’ Dr Hamilton said.
‘When one sixth of academics say that they have been prevented from publishing their research, we have to acknowledge that this is a very serious issue. In my view, one per cent is too high.’
Dr Hamilton said the survey was directed at academics in the social sciences because previous discussions of commercial pressures had focused on the physical and biological sciences, but he believed other academic areas would show similar results if surveyed.
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2. Senior Scientist Dismissed for Defending Academic Standards
ISIS Report - May 16 2001
This is yet another blatant example of a university administration in bed with corporate business, and all too ready to sacrifice academic standards and academic freedom for commercial reasons. How you can help. Dr. Mae-Wan Ho reports.
Tenured Associate Professor Ted Steele, internationally renown for his pioneering work in immunogenetics, has been a staff member of the University of Wollongong for 16 years when he was dismissed without notice on February 26 2001. The Vice Chancellor Gerard Sutton accused him of "knowingly spread false allegations" about the University. This amounted to no more than publicly opposing the upgrading of student marks. The grades of two students were upgraded within Steele’s department, against his recommendations and those of an external referee. Steele rejected demands from Sutton to withdraw his remarks.
Ted Steele says his position has always been very simple, " I knowingly spread the truth about a shonky B.Sc/B.Biotech Hons assessment process which allowed fail/borderline pass students to be upgraded to mid range pass (Hons 2 II) or PhD entry (Hons 2 I ) against expert evaluation and opinion".
This is yet another blatant example of a university administration in bed with corporate business and all too ready to sacrifice academic standards and academic freedom for commercial reasons.
The story hit the press when Steele was interviewed by a journalist asking him to comment on a nation wide survey of academics carried out by the Australia Institute [1]. The results made it plain that Steele was not alone in his concerns. The survey found widespread dissatisfaction with the erosion of academic freedom, with many respondents complaining of management pressure to produce "commercially favourable research and student results".
Of the 165 teachers and researchers who responded, 92 percent expressed concern about the general state of academic freedom. Of those, 81 percent blamed the increasing commercialisation of their university.
Almost one in five reported that they had been prevented from publishing contentious research results, and 41 percent said they had experienced discomfort with publishing such results.
Almost half had experienced reluctance to criticise institutions that provided large research grants or other form of support. Approximately 5 percent said they had experienced pressures to admit and pass full fee-paying students and more than a quarter expressed low levels of satisfaction with the freedom to determine student standards.
Sutton dismissed Steele in the midst of a campaign by the Australian Universities Vice Chancellors Committee, joined personally by the federal Education Minister David Kemp, to denigrate and discredit the Australia Institute survey, in order to protect the Australian tertiary education sector's $3.4 billion-a-year market among overseas fee-paying students, particularly from Asia.
In the weeks following, staff members at Wollongong and other universities began to voice concerns about Steele's case. On March 29, about 60 staff members attended a union meeting at Wollongong University and overwhelmingly passed a resolution stating that the dismissal set a precedent that "if not fought, is a threat for every member of staff".
Michael Head, lecturer of law in the University of Western Australia drew attention to context of SteeleÃs dismissal: the slashing of government funding and the general restructuring of universities along business lines, which sounds all too familiar for those of us in Europe and the United States.
The Howard government has slashed tertiary education funding by some $800 million a year since 1996, forcing universities to increasingly rely upon private student fees, corporate sponsorship and business research partnerships. Even basic teaching must now be financed from such sources.
"For their part, university managements have engaged in cut-throat competition with each other, vying for big business backing and launching their own commercial enterprises." Michael Head said. Wollongong University has been at the forefront of this drive. For the past two years, the government has named it "University of the Year" largely on the strength of its success in attracting corporate patronage.
Just two weeks before sacking Ted Steele, the university announced a new $2.5 million grant from resources giant BHP to fund the BHP Institute of Steel Processing and Products for five years. According to its media release, the university "collaborates with BHP on projects ranging from steel processing metallurgy and coatings technology to management of innovation and technological change". BHP, whose nearby Port Kembla steel plant is Wollongong's biggest polluter, also funds the university's chair of Environmental Science.
According to Head, similar contractual commitments are becoming prevalent at all universities. In a submission to a Senate committee inquiry into higher education, Queensland University academic Dr William De Maria reported that large companies have funded some 100 professorial posts at universities.
These ranged from the Colgate-Palmolive chair of general dental practice at the University of Queensland to the Microsoft chair of computing at Macquarie University and the University of Western Sydney's chair of gambling research (!), funded by Aristocrat, Australia's largest poker-machine manufacturer.
"Ted Steele's dismissal is a warning that these arrangements and the accompanying ideological climate are increasingly incompatible with free speech. His sacking is a test case for the defence of academic freedom and tertiary education itself." Head calls on students and all those concerned with public education and democratic rights to join in demanding his immediate reinstatement".
"Reinstatement at age 52 yrs is the only possible outcome for me" says Ted Steele, "the second option is winning massive compensation for damages in the courts- but I need to be reinstated so I have some infrastructure to continue my research until normal retirement at age 65 yrs."
The University of Wollongong management has just been served with a Federal Court action and the case comes up in the week of July 23-27 under the Australian Federal Industrial Relations commission in Sydney. Ted Steele will present his case on June 22 to the Federal Senate inquiry in Canberra. Others, such as VC Gerard Sutton and some members of SteeleÃs department have a right of reply to justify their actions.
What is at stake is not just academic freedom or academic standards. It is the freedom to research by dedicated, independent scientists who have not been corrupted by the corporate takeover.
An e-mail/Internet site has been set up by the Australian National Tertiary Education Union to create a petition to have Ted Steele reinstated. Please add your name to the petition: Go to the website http://www.nteu.org.au/rights/wollongong.html
Put your name down and send the web address to others, asking them to do the same.
1. A story on the Australia Institute survey ( on declining academic standards in Australia) is in the current issue of the ANU Reporter at: http://www.anu.edu.au/pad/reporter/
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